Introduction

Video surveillance systems have become an integral part of modern security systems. Especially relevant are night surveillance cameras that provide monitoring in low-light conditions. These devices allow you to record events at night, which is especially important to ensure the safety of objects and people. In this text, we will look at the main features of night surveillance cameras, their principles of operation, as well as tips on choosing and installing them.

Types of night surveillance cameras

There are several types of night surveillance cameras, which differ in their characteristics and principle of operation:

• Infrared cameras: These cameras use infrared LEDs (IR LEDs) to illuminate objects in the dark. They can shoot in complete darkness, providing a clear image at a distance of up to 30 meters or more.
• Cameras with WDR (Wide Dynamic Range) technology: These devices are capable of capturing images in high contrast environments where some parts of the scene are brightly lit and others are in shadow. This is especially useful for outdoor surveillance.
• Low-light color cameras: Some cameras can capture a color image at low light levels using special sensors and optics. This allows you to get more detailed images in low-light conditions.

Features of night surveillance cameras

• Resolution: The resolution of night surveillance cameras varies from standard 720p to 4K. The higher the resolution, the more details can be seen on the recording. This is especially important for identifying people and objects.
• Viewing angle: The camera's viewing angle determines how much area it can cover. Wide-angle cameras can capture large spaces, while narrow-angle cameras are better suited for focusing on specific objects.
• Protection from external factors: Night surveillance cameras designed for outdoor installation must be protected from moisture and dust (IP degree of protection). This guarantees their reliable operation in all weather conditions.

The principle of operation of night surveillance cameras

• Infrared radiation: Infrared cameras work based on the principle of infrared radiation. In the dark, they activate IR LEDs that emit invisible light. Objects falling into the camera's field of view reflect this radiation, and the camera captures the resulting image. Infrared cameras can operate in complete darkness, but their effectiveness depends on the distance to the object and the quality of the IR LEDs used.
• Sensor sensitivity: Low-light cameras use highly sensitive sensors that are capable of capturing more light. These sensors can be made based on CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) technologies. CCD sensors provide higher image quality, but have a higher cost and consume more energy. CMOS sensors are more economical and allow you to create compact devices, but they may be inferior in image quality.
• Image Processing: Modern night surveillance cameras are equipped with built-in processors that process images in real time. This allows you to improve image quality, eliminate noise and increase contrast. Some devices may use machine learning algorithms to recognize faces and objects.

The use of night surveillance cameras

Night surveillance cameras are widely used in various fields:

• Security of facilities: They are used to protect private homes, offices, warehouses and other facilities. Night-time surveillance helps prevent theft and vandalism.
• Monitoring of public places: Cameras are installed in parks, on streets and in public transport to ensure the safety of citizens.

• Transport: Night surveillance cameras are used to monitor the traffic situation, which helps in the investigation of accidents and other incidents.
• Retail outlets: In stores and shopping malls, night surveillance cameras help prevent theft and ensure the safety of customers and employees.
• Agricultural industry: In the agricultural sector, such cameras can be used to monitor animals and prevent theft of agricultural products.

Tips for choosing night surveillance cameras

When choosing a night surveillance camera, it is worth considering several key factors:

• Appointment: Determine what purposes you need the camera for. If you plan to use it to guard a private home, an infrared camera with good resolution may be suitable. For public places, a camera with WDR technology may be needed to work in contrast lighting conditions.
• Resolution: Choose high-resolution cameras to ensure image clarity. 1080p resolution is sufficient for most tasks, but for more detailed recordings and the ability to identify faces, it is better to choose 4K cameras.
• Viewing angle: Pay attention to the camera's viewing angle. Wide-angle models (90° and above) are suitable for monitoring large spaces, while narrow angles (less than 60°) are better suited for focusing on individual objects.
• Infrared illumination: Check how effective the infrared illumination of the camera is. The more IR LEDs there are, the further the camera will be able to see in the dark. It is also important to keep in mind that some cameras may have an automatic switch between day and night modes.
• Protection from external factors: If the camera is going to be installed outdoors, make sure that it is protected from moisture and dust (IP degree of protection). For outdoor conditions, it is better to choose devices with IP66 or higher.

Installation and configuration of night surveillance cameras

• Choosing the installation location: The correct placement of the camera is a key factor for its effectiveness. It is recommended to install the cameras at a height of 2.5–3 meters to avoid damage and provide a wide viewing angle. It is also worth avoiding directions to bright light sources that can illuminate the image.

• Connection: Cameras can be either wired or wireless. Wired cameras provide a more stable connection and are better suited for long-term use. Wireless cameras are easier to install, but may depend on the quality of the Wi-Fi signal.
• Setting up: After installing the camera, you need to configure its parameters correctly. It is important to adjust the recording resolution, viewing angle, sensitivity of motion sensors and other functions. Many modern cameras have mobile applications that simplify the setup process and allow you to control the camera remotely.
• Testing: After installing and configuring the camera, it is recommended to conduct testing to ensure that it works properly. Check the image quality in different lighting conditions and make sure that the camera covers the desired areas.

Night surveillance cameras play an important role in ensuring the safety and protection of property. Their features, such as infrared illumination, high sensitivity of sensors and various types of installation, make them indispensable in modern security systems. When choosing a camera, you should consider many factors, including its purpose, resolution, viewing angle and additional functions. Proper installation and configuration are also key to the effective operation of a video surveillance system. Taking into account all these aspects, night surveillance cameras can significantly increase the level of security for both private and public facilities.